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The pension insurance system and aspects affecting its development with an emphasis on demographic changes
Remešová, Karolína ; Štangová, Věra (advisor) ; Lang, Roman (referee)
1 The pension insurance system and aspects affecting its development with an emphasis on demographic changes Abstract The diploma thesis deals with the description of the current pension insurance system in the Czech Republic and aims to evaluate the pension system on the basis of aspects that affect its development. Demographic development is a key factor influencing the system. The author describes the relevant demographic indicators and their development and presents conclusions resulting from the forecast of population development. In 2021, expenditures on social benefits accounted for 37% of all state budget expenditures, ie CZK 697 billion, of which almost 77% were expenditures on pension insurance benefits in the amount of CZK 536 billion. State budget revenues from compulsory social security premiums represent 41%, ie CZK 562 billion. As these data show, the Czech Republic will face a lack of funds in the future due to the expected aging population, and therefore the author presents possible scenarios in the diploma thesis, where the pension insurance system could develop in the future. A significant part of the diploma thesis is focused on the first pillar of the pension system, ie pension insurance, where the author describes all the concepts arising from the law. In addition to the old-age...
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Economic risks of unfavourable demographic development of the Czech Republic
BLÁHA, Filip
The aim of the thesis is to analyse the forecasts of unfavourable demographic development - the ageing of the population of the Czech Republic and the impact of these demographic changes. With the ageing of the population, the growth of public expenditure, especially the expenditure on old-age pensions and health care, is gaining importance. The paper discusses the possible impacts of population ageing, the sustainability of the existing old-age security system and the economic aspects of the negative impacts of population ageing.
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Demographic development in Cambodia since the second half of the 20th century
Dušek, Adam ; Hulíková Tesárková, Klára (advisor) ; Fialová, Ludmila (referee)
Demographic development in Cambodia since the second half of the 20th century Abstract This thesis deals with the population development in Cambodia since the second half of the 20th century. The objective of the thesis is to characterize population development in Cambodia during 1950-2020, focusing on the period of the 1970s. A sub-objective is to put demographic development into a historical context. The topic was analyzed through a study of relevant literature and subsequent demographic analysis based on data from the World Population Prospects database, other UN institutions and publications of notable scholars. It has been confirmed that the events that took place in the country during the Khmer Rouge rule from 1975 to 1979 had a significant impact on the population development and direction of the country. Extreme violence and harsh living conditions claimed at least 1.5 million victims. The age-sex structure was fundamentally distorted by the high excess mortality of young men. A period of increased fertility followed, but soon declined. Cambodia's population rose from 4.4 million to 16.7 million during the period under review. However, population growth has been slowing down due to declining fertility and high emigration. Keywords Cambodia, demographic development, Khmer Rouge, excess mortality
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Analysis of the influence of demographic development on employment and employment policy of elderly people in the Czech Republic
Špirková, Petra ; Potůček, Martin (advisor) ; Nekolová, Markéta (referee)
The thesis "Analysis of the influence of demographic development on employment and employment policy of elderly people in the Czech republic" focuses on the specific position of elderly people in the labour market. In the event of redundancy, they tend to be under threat of long- term unemployment more often and to a greater extent than other groups in the labour market. The thesis describes in detail the current state of employment of elderly people in the Czech Republic and the European Union with respect to demographic trends, which - in addition to other consequences - also have a strong impact on the labour market. The aim of the thesis is to determine the main obstacles preventing greater involvement of elderly people in the labour market in the Czech Republic, and the direction employment policy should take in order to achieve greater efficiency. The basic hypothesis of the thesis is the idea that the implementation of an active employment policy in the Czech Republic is not effective enough in solving the unemployment issues of the elderly. Using four theoretical frameworks, the main deficiencies of the currently implemented employment policy with respect to elderly people and the causes thereof are identified. Theoretical foundations are also applied in discussing possible solutions to the...
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Impact of demographic changes on municipal technical infrastructure in the Czech Republic - case study of waste management
Rybová, Kristýna ; Burcin, Boris (advisor) ; Šídlo, Luděk (referee) ; Trögl, Josef (referee)
Impact of demographic changes on municipal technical infrastructure in the Czech Republic - case study of waste management Abstract The aim of this study is to quantify the impact of demographic development on the current household production of municipal waste in the Czech Republic and at the same time to compare their influence with the impact of other factors. Based on a literature review and statistical data available for the Czech Republic, a set of 22 explanatory variables concerning structure of population by age, gender, highest education and employment, as well as the size of households, unemployment, purchasing power, population density and basic characteristics of housing was identified in order to explain the production of municipal solid waste, mixed municipal waste and separately collected waste components (glass and plastics). It has turned out that demographic variables, especially the average household size, gender, age, level of education or sector of employment have a statistically significant but rather weak impact on the production of these waste streams. Given that the detailed analysis of the variables indicated that there is a significant spatial variability of these characteristics and that they exhibit spatial non- stationarity, the next step was to analyze the relationship of the...
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Influence of the suburbanization process on demographic development and capacities of education facilities in Pragueʼs hinterland
Benáčková, Kristýna ; Špačková, Petra (advisor) ; Ouředníček, Martin (referee)
The objective of the thesis is to study impacts of suburbanization on demographic development of the hinterland of Prague and on capacities of education facilities in selected municipalities. The paper assesses the approaches taken by representatives of these municipalities to set conditions for provision of school and preschool education to their citizens. The demand for civil amenities gradually increases as a result of population growth and specific age structure changes. Many suburban municipalities thus often face the same problem: low capacities of kindergartens and elementary schools caused by a growing population of children. Most research focused on the approaches of seven case study municipalities from the southeastern hinterland of Prague to the solution of the capacity issues. A policy of respective municipalities differs based on the fact whether or not it runs its own school. However, the lack of capacities of education facilities does not generally force the municipalities to regulate a further housing construction and the expansion of the community.
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Satisfaction of seniors in a residential facility of social services - in a senior home
Herčíková, Kateřina ; Jirkovský, Daniel (advisor) ; Haluzíková, Jana (referee)
The bachelor's thesis "Satisfaction of seniors in a residential facility of social services - in a senior home" examined, compared and evaluated the satisfaction of seniors with care and life in a residential facility of social services. The aim of the work was to find out what main factors influenced the satisfaction of seniors with their lives in a senior home and whether their satisfaction differed depending on gender, age and length of stay. The theoretical part of the thesis explained the key concepts and legal definitions, from which the conditions for the life of seniors in various facilities in our country are derived. The topicality of the topic was emphasized due to the aging of the population on one hand and the increasing quality of medical care and thus the length of life on the other - it is clear that the population of seniors will grow and so will the need for health and social services. It also structured the forms of senior care in our country. The empirical part of the work covered the results of its own research and their comparison with the results of other similar works. Method: questionnaire survey - self-designed questionnaire. Results: 140 respondents from the original 156 respondents, ie 89.74%, participated in the research. Conclusions: The satisfaction of seniors depends...
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Impact of demographic changes on municipal technical infrastructure in the Czech Republic - case study of waste management
Rybová, Kristýna ; Burcin, Boris (advisor) ; Šídlo, Luděk (referee) ; Trögl, Josef (referee)
Impact of demographic changes on municipal technical infrastructure in the Czech Republic - case study of waste management Abstract The aim of this study is to quantify the impact of demographic development on the current household production of municipal waste in the Czech Republic and at the same time to compare their influence with the impact of other factors. Based on a literature review and statistical data available for the Czech Republic, a set of 22 explanatory variables concerning structure of population by age, gender, highest education and employment, as well as the size of households, unemployment, purchasing power, population density and basic characteristics of housing was identified in order to explain the production of municipal solid waste, mixed municipal waste and separately collected waste components (glass and plastics). It has turned out that demographic variables, especially the average household size, gender, age, level of education or sector of employment have a statistically significant but rather weak impact on the production of these waste streams. Given that the detailed analysis of the variables indicated that there is a significant spatial variability of these characteristics and that they exhibit spatial non- stationarity, the next step was to analyze the relationship of the...
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